教育投资及其市场化初探

由于教育投资的对象是人 ,而人是有思想的 ,因此 ,对教育的投资比对物质资本的投资要复杂。其中一个关键问题是 ,当教育投资主体与教育投资对象不同时 ,可能会引起教育投资的套牢 ;而当二者合一时 ,又会 (因为人力资本的外部性和个体的财富约束 )引起教育投资的不足。由于教育所形成的人力资本具有外部性 ,教育投资主体与教育投资对象适当的分离是必要的 ,而解决由于这种分离可能引起的投资主体的套牢在于使教育投资实现市场化。     

论国际税收竞争的法律调节

国际税收竞争正在成为经济全球化时代各国最大化本国经济利益的重要方式,它具有广泛的域外负外部效应,需要国际法规范予以调节.随着经济全球化的推进,wTO将成为调节国际税收政策的主要机构.我们必须降低现行企业所得税税率,以应对外国的税收竞争政策,同时,应成立专门工作小组,就国际税收竞争对我国的影响进行理论分析与实证研究,为我国参与wTO关于国际税收竞争问题的谈判提供政策建议.     

Do converters facilitate the transition to a new incompatible technology? A dynamic analysis of converters

This paper analyzes the process of transition in standards between incompatible technologies when converters are available. Contrary to a common presumption that converters facilitate the transition from an old technology to an otherwise incompatible new technology, I find circumstances in which the possibility of transition is blockaded by the existence of converters. In the welfare analysis of converters, a distinction is made between ex ante and ex post efficiency effects. Finally, I also analyze the equilibrium behavior in the provision of converters and compare it to the socially optimal outcome.     

产业集聚的外部性与企业融资行为

虽然不少文献都明确了产业集聚的外部性对企业的债务融资具有正向作用,但就产业集聚外部性如何系统性影响企业融资行为的研究较少。本文综合运用产业组织理论和公司金融理论,从理论和实证两个方面分析产业集聚与资本结构间的关系。理论分析发现,产业集聚与资本结构在权衡理论框架和优序融资理论框架下呈现出不同的关系。实证结果则发现产业集聚与资本结构负相关,更多的支持了优序融资理论。原因在于,我国制造业企业的债务融资存在较高的交易成本,"信息不对称"问题严重,使得企业融资的首要选择是内部融资。     

我国责任保险市场发展问题研究

本文系统研究中国责任保险市场发展基本状况,分别从我国责任保险的保费情况、市场份额、保险深度和密度等角度,分析责任保险市场发展现状及存在的问题,指出违法成本低、法律外部环境不健全、国家与保险公司重视程度不够是当前责任保险发展不足的主要原因。随后本文总结了发达国家责任保险的发展经验,并结合国内实际,提出了扩大责任保险的有效供给、增加责任保险的有效需求、因地制宜发展责任保险、完善与责任保险相关的法律法规以及部分责任保险需强制实施等在内的五条建议。     

Is the shadow economy a bane or boon for economic growth?

This paper uses the theoretical framework developed by Feder (1983) and Ram (1986) to examine interactions (i.e. externalities and intersectoral factor productivity differentials) between the official and unofficial sectors of the economy. Results from the empirical analysis, using data on over 100 countries from 1970 to 2008, suggest that the marginal externality effect of growth in the unofficial sector on the official sector is positive. Further, input productivities are higher in the unofficial sector relative to the official sector. These results are robust using alternate measures of the (unobserved) unofficial economy and across level of development.     

Heterogeneity risks and negative externality

Diversified institutions coexist in financial markets with different degrees of exposure and contribution to the systemic risk. Therefore, the identification and regulation of systemically important institutions are of great significance. This paper investigates the negative externality in a model where the heterogeneity risks of institutions interact and alienate the value of each other, with the bankruptcy risk acting as the kernel factor. The market negative externality increases when the bankruptcy risk is high. Furthermore, as an institution with a minimum tail index, the “first domino” dominates the bankruptcy risk of the market. The first domino accumulation and phantasm are prone to cause systemic crises. The market bankruptcy index decreases as the non-first domino participates in the risk sharing. Finally, we empirically study implications of the above findings for adjusting the market structure and managing risks, in the Chinese financial markets.     

Sectoral bubbles,misallocation, and endogenous growth

Stock price bubbles are often on productive assets and occur in a sector of the economy. In addition, their occurrence is often accompanied by credit booms. Incorporating these features, we provide a two-sector endogenous growth model with credit-driven stock price bubbles. Bubbles have a credit easing effect in that they relax collateral constraints and improve investment efficiency. Sectoral bubbles also have a capital reallocation effect in the sense that bubbles in a sector attract more capital to be reallocated to that sector. Their impact on economic growth depends on the interplay between these two effects. Bubbles may misallocate resources across sectors and reduce welfare.     

Effects of education externalities on schooling

In some developed countries, such as Japan and Sweden, the number of years of education does not predict wage differences as opposed to in some countries such as the United States and Germany. To explain such seemingly contradictory observations, this study develops a simple model utilizing the ‘keeping up with Joneses’ effect regarding schooling decisions. The main result of this study is that the model can have multiple equilibria, which can explain the difference between the two groups of countries. Moreover, efficiency analysis reveals that changes in the strength of education reference and psychological cost parameters can alter the welfare ranking of multiple equilibria.     

浦东新区极化开发的负社会外部性研究

当前中国正处于工业化和城市化加速发展时期,城市规模和数量在不断增长,对于城市未来和城市居民福利的关注,已经使人们在最近几年对于城市问题引发了许多的关注.过去人们只关注于极化开发的经济功能,而忽视极化开发造成人口大量流入、快速城市化造成的城市社会结构和城市功能结构转变引发的负社会外部性问题.本文探索了极化开发造成负社会外部性的机理,并利用人口普查资料及其它社会经济统计资料,分析浦东新区极化开发的集聚效应和负社会外部性.当前浦东新区极化开发引发的负外部性问题如社会极化、社区重组、社会隔离、就业压力已经开始显现,并对浦东新区的社会稳定和可持续发展产生一定的影响.浦东新区极化开发产生的负社会外部性问题在中国其它许多大城市也开始凸显,因此,如何最大限度地减少极化开发的负社会外部性问题应引起重视.